- Voltage-proof up to 3V
- Capacity values up to 3,400 F
Ultracapacitors
Supercapacitors as power storage
Double-layer capacitors, also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, achieve values within the farad range thanks to their double layer. They feature a high current and cycle load capacity and a longer life cycle in comparison to rechargeable batteries. They are also significantly more physically stable than lead batteries, considerably lighter and are therefore able to withstand mechanical phenomena such as shock and vibration more effectively.
Supercapacitors have a lower energy density than rechargeable batteries, but can provide much larger currents. You can thus say that electrochemical double-layer capacitors store less energy, yet more power than rechargeable batteries. This means that the charging/discharging currents are much, much larger than rechargeable batteries. Supercapacitors can use all their advantages in applications where a charging process lasts just seconds.
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The key parameters and influencing factors
- Double-layer capacitors are used in low voltage ranges. Even a slight overvoltage will cause irreparable damage, so capacitor nominal values must be met precisely.
- The life cycle is largely influenced by the temperature and operating voltage. A residual current from these capacitors occurs due to the small gaps between the charges in the double layers. This may cause self-discharge. Double-layer capacitors are particularly suitable for large quantities of energy in frequent, brief charging and discharging processes.
- They should not be used with overvoltages and reverse polarity. These permanently damage the electrolyte, as they do in electrolytic capacitors.
- The life cycle of a double-layer capacitor is defined by a 20% capacity loss and a 100% change in the ESR.